Web Exploitation

Websites around the world are created with various programming languages. There are vulnerabilities in each programming language that developers should be aware of to minimise the likelihood of an exploit.
No programming language is secure, it is as secure as the person and the given time it was implemented.
It is very common to show these types of vulnerabilities within CTF's for awareness.
Some examples include:
Server Side Request Forgery
Cross Site Scripting (XSS)
Cross Site Request Forgery
Directory/Path Traversal
Command Injection
SQL injection
Brute Force Attacks
Fuzzing Testing (Fuzzing)
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
XML External Entity (XXE)
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